ted演讲稿范文精选10篇-尊龙凯时最新z6com
演讲稿具有宣传，鼓动，教育和欣赏等作用，它可以把演讲者的观点，主张与思想感情传达给听众以及读者，使他们信服并在思想感情上产生共鸣。那么演讲稿怎么写才恰当呢？以下内容是差异网为您带来的10篇《ted演讲稿范文》，希望能为您的思路提供一些参考。
简短的ted演讲稿 篇一
这篇简短的ted演讲稿范文是我们精心挑选的，但愿对你有参考作用。
布琳。布朗致力于研究人与人的关系--我们感同身受的能力、获得归属感的能力、爱的能力。在ted休斯敦一次富有感染力的幽默谈话中，她跟我们分享了她的研究发现，一个让她更想深入了解自己以及人类的发现，洞悉人性也更了解自己。同时建议父母，全心全意去爱，即使没有回报、即使很困难，也要勇敢面对，因为感到脆弱代表我还活着，我们要相信自己够好，绝对值得被爱。
那我就这么开始吧： 几年前，一个活动策划人打电话给我， 因为我当时要做一个演讲。 她在电话里说： “我真很苦恼该如何在宣传单上 介绍你。” 我心想，怎么会苦恼呢？ 她继续道：“你看，我听过你的演讲， 我觉得我可以称你为研究者， 可我担心的是，如果我这么称呼你，没人会来听， 因为大家普遍认为研究员很无趣而且脱离现实。” （笑声） 好。 然后她说：“但是我喜欢你的演讲， 就跟讲故事一样很吸引人。 我想来想去，还是觉得称你为讲故事的人比较妥当。” 而那个做学术的，感到不安的我 脱口而出道：“你要叫我什么？” 她说：“我要称你为讲故事的人。" 我心想：”为什么不干脆叫魔法小精灵？“ （笑声） 我说：”让我考虑一下。“ 我试着鼓起勇气。 我对自己说，我是一个讲故事的人。 我是一个从事定性研究的科研人员。 我收集故事；这就是我的工作。 或许故事就是有灵魂的数据。 或许我就是一个讲故事的人。 于是我说：”听着， 要不你就称我为做研究兼讲故事的人。“ 她说：”哈哈，没这么个说法呀。“ （笑声） 所以我是个做研究兼讲故事的人， 我今天想跟大家谈论的-- 我们要谈论的话题是关于拓展认知-- 我想给你们讲几个故事 是关于我的一份研究的， 这份研究从本质上拓宽了我个人的认知， 也确确实实改变了我生活、爱、 工作还有教育孩子的方式。
我的故事从这里开始。 当我还是个年轻的博士研究生的时候， 第一年，有位研究教授 对我们说： ”事实是这样的， 如果有一个东西你无法测量，那么它就不存在。“ 我心想他只是在哄哄我们这些小孩子吧。 我说：“真的么？” 他说：“当然。” 你得知道 我有一个社会工作的学士文凭，一个社会工作的硕士文凭， 我在读的是一个社会工作的博士文凭， 所以我整个学术生涯 都被人所包围， 他们大抵相信 生活是一团乱麻，接受它。 而我的观点则倾向于，生活是一团乱麻， 解开它，把它整理好， 再归类放入便当盒里。 （笑声） 我觉得我领悟到了关键， 有能力去创一番事业，让自己-- 真的，社会工作的一个重要理念是 置身于工作的不适中。 我就是要把这不适翻个底朝天 每科都拿到a。 这就是我当时的信条。 我当时真的是跃跃欲试。 我想这就是我要的职业生涯， 因为我对乱成一团，难以处理的课题感兴趣。 我想要把它们弄清楚。 我想要理解它们。 我想侵入那些 我知道是重要的东西 把它们摸透，然后用浅显易懂的方式呈献给每一个人。
所以我的起点是“关系”。 因为当你从事了20xx年的社会工作， 你必然会发现 关系是我们活着的原因。 它赋予了我们生命的意义。 就是这么简单。 无论你跟谁交流 工作在社会执法领域的也好，负责精神健康、虐待和疏于看管领域的也好 我们所知道的是，关系 是种感应的能力-- 生物神经上，我们是这么被设定的-- 这就是为什么我们在这儿。 所以我就从关系开始。 下面这个场景我们再熟悉不过了， 你的上司给你作工作评估， 她告诉了你37点你做得相当棒的地方， 还有一点--成长的空间？ （笑声） 然后你满脑子都想着那一点成长的空间，不是么。 这也是我研究的一个方面， 因为当你跟人们谈论爱情， 他们告诉你的是一件让他们心碎的事。 当你跟人们谈论归属感， 他们告诉你的是最让他们痛心的 被排斥的经历。 当你跟人们谈论关系， 他们跟我讲的是如何被断绝关系的故事。
所以很快的--在大约开始研究这个课题6周以后-- 我遇到了这个前所未闻的东西 它揭示了关系 以一种我不理解也从没见过的方式。 所以我暂停了原先的研究计划， 对自己说，我得弄清楚这到底是什么。 它最终被鉴定为耻辱感。 耻辱感很容易理解， 即害怕被断绝关系。 有没有一些关于我的事 如果别人知道了或看到了， 会认为我不值得交往。 我要告诉你们的是： 这种现象很普遍；我们都会有（这种想法）。 没有体验过耻辱的人 不具有人类的同情或关系。 没人想谈论自己的糗事， 你谈论的越少，你越感到可耻。 滋生耻辱感的 是一种“我不够好。"的心态-- 我们都知道这是个什么滋味： ”我不够什么。我不够苗条， 不够有钱，不够漂亮，不够聪明， 职位不够高。“ 而支撑这种心态的 是一种刻骨铭心的脆弱， 关键在于 要想产生关系， 我们必须让自己被看见， 真真切切地被看见。
你知道我怎么看待脆弱。我恨它。 所以我思考着，这次是轮到我 用我的标尺击溃它的时候了。 我要闯进去，把它弄清楚， 我要花一年的时间，彻底瓦解耻辱， 我要搞清楚脆弱是怎么运作的， 然后我要智取胜过它。 所以我准备好了，非常兴奋。 跟你预计的一样，事与愿违。 （笑声） 你知道这个（结果）。 我能告诉你关于耻辱的很多东西， 但那样我就得占用别人的时间了。 但我在这儿可以告诉你，归根到底 -- 这也许是我学到的最重要的东西 在从事研究的数十年中。 我预计的一年 变成了六年， 成千上万的故事， 成百上千个采访，焦点集中。 有时人们发给我期刊报道， 发给我他们的故事 -- 不计其数的数据，就在这六年中。 我大概掌握了它。
我大概理解了这就是耻辱， 这就是它的运作方式。 我写了本书， 我出版了一个理论， 但总觉得哪里不对劲 -- 它其实是， 如果我粗略地把我采访过的人 分成 具有自我价值感的人 -- 说到底就是 自我价值感 -- 他们勇于去爱并且拥有强烈的归属感 -- 另一部分则是为之苦苦挣扎的人， 总是怀疑自己是否足够好的人。 区分那些 敢于去爱 并拥有强烈归属感的人 和那些为之而苦苦挣扎的人的变量只有一个。 那就是，那些敢于去爱 并拥有强烈归属感的人 相信他们值得被爱，值得享有归属感。 就这么简单。 他们相信自己的价值。 而对于我， 那个阻碍人与人之间关系的最困难的部分 是我们对于自己不值得享有这种关系的恐惧， 无论从个人，还是职业上 我都觉得我有必要去更深入地了解它。 所以接下来 我找出所有的采访记录 找出那些体现自我价值的，那些持有这种观念的记录， 集中研究它们。
这群人有什么共同之处？ 我对办公用品有点痴迷， 但这是另一个话题了。 我有一个牛皮纸文件夹，还有一个三福极好笔， 我心想，我该怎么给这项研究命名呢？ 第一个蹦入我脑子的是 全心全意这个词。 这是一群全心全意，靠着一种强烈的自我价值感在生活的人们。 所以我在牛皮纸夹的上端这样写道， 而后我开始查看数据。 事实上，我开始是 用四天时间 集中分析数据， 我从头找出那些采访，找出其中的故事和事件。 主题是什么？有什么规律？ 我丈夫带着孩子离开了小镇， 因为我老是陷入像杰克逊。波洛克（美国近代抽象派画家）似的疯狂状态， 我一直在写， 完全沉浸在研究的状态中。 下面是我的发现。 这些人的共同之处在于 勇气。 我想在这里先花一分钟跟大家区分一下勇气和胆量。 勇气，最初的定义， 当它刚出现在英文里的时候 -- 是从拉丁文cor，意为心，演变过来的 -- 最初的定义是 真心地叙述一个故事，告诉大家你是谁的。 所以这些人 就具有勇气 承认自己不完美。 他们具有同情心， 先是对自己的，再是对他人的， 因为，事实是，我们如果不能善待自己， 我们也无法善待他人。 最后一点，他们都能和他人建立关系， -- 这是很难做到的-- 前提是他们必须坦诚， 他们愿意放开自己设定的那个理想的自我 以换取真正的自我， 这是赢得关系的 必要条件。
他们还有另外一个共同之处 那就是， 他们全然接受脆弱。 他们相信 让他们变得脆弱的东西 也让他们变得美丽。 他们不认为脆弱 是寻求舒适， 也不认为脆弱是钻心的疼痛 -- 正如我之前在关于耻辱的采访中听到的。 他们只是简单地认为脆弱是必须的。 他们会谈到愿意 说出"我爱你"， 愿意 做些 没有的事情， 愿意 等待医生的电话， 在做完乳房x光检查之后。 他们愿意为情感投资， 无论有没有结果。 他们觉得这些都是最根本的。
我当时认为那是背叛。 我无法相信 我尽然对科研宣誓效忠 -- 研究的定义是 控制（变量）然后预测，去研究现象， 为了一个明确的目标， 去控制并预测。 而我现在的使命 即控制并预测 却给出了这样一个结果：要想与脆弱共存 就得停止控制，停止预测 于是我崩溃了 -- （笑声） -- 其实更像是这样。 （笑声） 它确实是。 我称它为崩溃，我的心理医生称它为灵魂的觉醒。 灵魂的觉醒当然比精神崩溃要好听很多， 但我跟你说那的确是精神崩溃。 然后我不得不暂且把数据放一边，去求助心理医生。 让我告诉你：你知道你是谁 当你打电话跟你朋友说：“我觉得我需要跟人谈谈。 你有什么好的建议吗？“ 因为我大约有五个朋友这么回答： ”喔。我可不想当你的心理医生。“ （笑声） 我说：”这是什么意思？“ 他们说：”我只是想说， 别带上你的标尺来见我。“ 我说：”行。“
就这样我找到了一个心理医生。 我跟她，戴安娜，的第一次见面 -- 我带去了一份表单 上面都是那些全身心投入生活的人的生活方式，然后我坐下了。 她说：”你好吗？“ 我说：”我很好。还不赖。“ 她说：”发生了什么事？“ 这是一个治疗心理医生的心理医生， 我们不得不去看这些心理医生， 因为他们的废话测量仪很准（知道你什么时候在说真心话）。 （笑声） 所以我说： “事情是这样的。我很纠结。” 她说：“你纠结什么？” 我说：”嗯，我跟脆弱过不去。 而且我知道脆弱是 耻辱和恐惧的根源 是我们为自我价值而挣扎的根源， 但它同时又是 欢乐，创造性， 归属感，爱的源泉。 所以我觉得我有问题， 我需要帮助。“ 我补充道：”但是， 这跟家庭无关， 跟童年无关。“ （笑声） “我只需要一些策略。” （笑声） （掌声） 谢谢。 戴安娜的反应是这样的。 （笑声） 我接着说：“这很糟糕，对么？” 她说：“这不算好，也不算坏。” （笑声） “它本身就是这样。” 我说：“哦，我的天，要悲剧了。”
（笑声）
（悲剧）果然发生了，但又没有发生。 大概有一年的时间。 你知道的，有些人 当他们发现脆弱和温柔很重要的时候， 他们放下所有戒备，欣然接受。 （我要声明）一，这不是我， 二，我朋友里面也没有这样的人。 （笑声） 对我来说，那是长达一年的斗争。 是场激烈的混战。 脆弱打我一拳，我又还击它一拳。 最后我输了， 但我或许赢回了我的生活。
然后我再度投入到了我的研究中， 又花了几年时间 真正试图去理解那些全身心投入生活的人， 他们做了怎样的决定， 他们是如何应对 脆弱的。 为什么我们为之痛苦挣扎？ 我是独自在跟脆弱斗争吗？ 不是。 这是我学到的： 我们麻痹脆弱 -- （例如）当我们等待（医生）电话的时候。 好笑的是，我在twitter微博和facebook上发布了一条状态， “你怎样定义脆弱？ 什么会让你感到脆弱？“ 在1个半小时内，我收到了150条回复。 因为我想知道 大家都是怎么想的。 （回复中有）不得不请求丈夫帮忙， 因为我病了，而且我们刚结婚； 跟丈夫提出要爱； 跟妻子提出要爱； 被拒绝；约某人出来； 等待医生的答复； 被裁员；裁掉别人-- 这就是我们生活的世界。 我们活在一个脆弱的世界里。 我们应对的方法之一 是麻痹脆弱。
我觉得这不是没有依据 -- 这也不是依据存在的唯一理由， 我认为我们当代问题的一大部分都可以归咎于它 -- 在美国历史上，我们是欠债最多， 肥胖， 毒瘾、用药最为严重 的一代。 问题是 -- 我从研究中认识到 -- 你无法选择性地麻痹感情。 你不能说，这些是不好的。 这是脆弱，这是悲哀，这是耻辱， 这是恐惧，这是失望， 我不想要这些情感。 我要去喝几瓶啤酒，吃个香蕉坚果松饼。 （笑声） 我不想要这些情感。 我知道台下传来的是会意的笑声。 别忘了，我是靠“入侵”你们的生活过日子的。 天哪。 （笑声） 你无法只麻痹那些痛苦的情感 而不麻痹所有的感官，所有的情感。 你无法有选择性地去麻痹。 当我们麻痹那些（消极的情感）， 我们也麻痹了欢乐， 麻痹了感恩， 麻痹了幸福。 然后我们会变得痛不欲生， 我们继而寻找生命的意义， 然后我们感到脆弱， 然后我们喝几瓶啤酒，吃个香蕉坚果松饼。 危险的循环就这样这形成了。
我们需要思考的一件事是 我们是为什么，怎么样麻痹自己的。 这不一定是指吸毒。 我们麻痹自己的另一个方式是 把不确定的事变得确定。 宗教已经从一种信仰、一种对不可知的相信 变成了确定。 我是对的，你是错的。闭嘴。 就是这样。 只要是确定的就是好的。 我们越是害怕，我们就越脆弱， 然后我们变得愈加害怕。 这件就是当今政治的现状。 探讨已经不复存在。 对话已经荡然无存。 有的仅仅是指责。 你知道研究领域是如何描述指责的吗？ 一种发泄痛苦与不快的方式。 我们追求完美。 如果有人想这样塑造他的生活，那个人就是我， 但这行不通。 因为我们做的只是把屁股上的赘肉 挪到我们的脸上。 （笑声） 这真是，我希望一百年以后， 当人们回过头来会不禁感叹：”哇！“
（笑声）
我们想要，这是最危险的， 我们的孩子变得完美。 让我告诉你我们是如何看待孩子的。 从他们出生的那刻起，他们就注定要挣扎。 当你把这些完美的宝宝抱在怀里的时候， 我们的任务不是说：”看看她，她完美的无可挑剔。“ 而是确保她保持完美 -- 保证她五年级的时候可以进网球队，七年级的时候稳进耶鲁。 那不是我们的任务。 我们的任务是注视着她，对她说， “你知道吗？你并不完美，你注定要奋斗， 但你值得被爱，值得享有归属感。” 这才是我们的职责。 给我看用这种方式培养出来的一代孩子， 我保证我们今天有的问题会得到解决。 我们假装我们的行为 不会影响他人。 不仅在我们个人生活中我们这么做， 在工作中也一样 -- 无论是紧急救助，石油泄漏， 还是产品召回 -- 我们假装我们做的事 对他人不会造成什么大影响。 我想对这些公司说：嘿，这不是我们第一次牛仔竞技。 我们只要你坦诚地，真心地 说一句："对不起， 我们会处理这个问题。“
但还有一种方法，我把它留给你们。 这是我的心得： 卸下我们的面具，让我们被看见， 深入地被看见， 即便是脆弱的一面； 全心全意地去爱， 尽管没有任何担保 -- 这是最困难的， 我也可以告诉你，作为一名家长，这个非常非常困难 -- 带着一颗感恩的心，保持快乐 哪怕是在最恐惧的时候 哪怕我们怀疑：”我能不能爱得这么深？ 我能不能如此热情地相信这份感情？ 我能不能如此矢志不渝？“ 在消极的时候能打住，而不是一味地幻想事情会如何变得更糟， 对自己说：”我已经很感恩了， 因为能感受到这种脆弱，这意味着我还活着。“ 最后，还有最重要的一点， 那就是相信我们已经做得够好了。 因为我相信当我们在一个 让人觉得“我已经足够了”的环境中打拼的时候 我们会停止抱怨，开始倾听， 我们会对周围的人会更友善，更温和， 对自己也会更友善，更温和。
这就是我演讲的全部内容。谢谢大家。
（掌声）
ted演讲稿 篇二
尊敬的老师、同学们：
大家好！
很多年以前，我曾经说过，时间可以改变一切。
看着那些老旧的照片，感觉好像还是活在过去，想着想着……如今，也回不到从前了，也听不到那欠扁的笑容了，其实，我以为一辈子都不会忘记的事情就在我们念念不忘的日子里，而被我遗忘了，努力想记起你们的名字，却是徒然，真的记不起了……
岁月如流水，转瞬之间，又是一年过去了。以前习惯了嘻嘻哈哈、笑容满面的我，现在时常稍作停顿，时而顾盼，时而思考，一路走来，不断的思考，不少的烦恼，也不愿错过每一处风景。时间的力量，不仅在于它可以让你重新审视这个世界，而且是一种解药可以冲淡回忆。不愿记起的、快乐的、难以释怀的、所有的记忆。也可以把人的思维方式也全盘更新一遍。突然有一天，回头再找寻原来的我，才发现我已非我。
在家的日子就是那么无聊、那么无奈。只是吃好睡好、但是同样的24小时就很难熬。每天都是傻乎乎在家发呆，在家也想了很多以前悔恨的事，走过的、路过的、玩过的……都留下我那悔恨的足迹……现在，我就要做一个全新的我，也不再是以前的我，而是“少说话，多办事”“……”的我。一切不幸之事随着时间而覆盖……
每个人都是一道靓丽的风景线，但世界不会为你而改变，环境也不会主动去适应我们自己。因而，我们只能去改变自己，去适应环境，进而取得成功。
改变自己，方可以意志的血滴和拼搏的汗水酿成历久弥香的琼浆，方可以不凋的希望和不灭的梦想编织绚丽辉煌的彩虹，方可以永恒的执着和顽强的韧力筑起固若金汤的铁壁铜墙。
ted中英文演讲稿 篇三
she told me a lot of things, for example, she and her teacher. between students, these things let me know she is a girl of heart is very wide, can always go to others. it was also because of her generous, her tolerance, let us go closer, she always can tolerate everything of mine, if i said hard words again, she still endure to endure. finally one day, i can't help but ask her: "you never angry?" she is still a face of smile ground to say: "what things should come to your senses, how to tolerate others, actually is also a good way to treasure the friendship, which is beneficial to oneself, you're right!" listen to her words, i also learned to tolerance, learned to take a step back.
she also have a gift for painting, usually can get something, drawing, it makes me admire her. she told me: "as long as the heart, you also can do a good job." i learned to do a good job in every thing by heart.
she taught me a lot, but most of them are of some minor in life, but it let me change a lot.
moment of parting is always painful, tearfully bid farewell to you, my dear friends, at this moment, i just want to say to you: "thank you, this is my confession, inner, which really! though we are far away from the, but our hearts are linked together, forever, because you are my best friend."
ted演讲稿 篇四
瞧，她笑的多开心呀，两只眼睛成了弯弯的月亮，微微的翘起的小鼻子向上耸起，红红的小嘴随着咯咯的笑声一张一合的，就连那两只小羊角辫也在抖动着。你知道她是谁吗？告诉你，那就是我。
我个儿不高，大约1米1左右。我有很多特点，最大的特点就是喜欢动物。
初冬，我在街上花钱买了两只小鸡，一只乳白色，一只橘黄色。买了它们满以为妈妈也会像我一样高兴，可一进门，妈妈就不高兴的说：“你怎么把这小东西买回来啦？他会冻死的。”我不以为然，我决心要把它们养活。我先把它们放在地上，又拿来小米喂它们，可它们只是叽叽叽地叫，不肯吃。妈妈走过来说：“天气冷，它们冻得顾不上吃了。”我仔细一看，果然，它们冻得直发抖。于是，我把它们放在手心上，它们才叽叽叽地吃起来。晚上，我在桌前写作业，小鸡在旁边并不吃我给它们的小米，总是叽叽叽地叫。每办法，只好把它们放在我的棉衣里，它们才不叫了。我安心地写完作业，把它们拿出来，它们又开始叫了，我只好跟它们“同床共枕”。
总算熬到开暖气的那一天了，房间变暖了，小鸡的羽毛也长了。晚上，我把它们放在盒子里，怕它们跑了，就在上面又蒙上了一层布。结果第二天，小鸡闷死了。我伤心的哭了，并且一连好几天都很伤心。
我曾经被赵忠祥伯伯主持的《动物世界》所感动，希望自己长大以后，为保护动物做宣传。我也曾被那些铺杀动物的不法分子所激怒，为那些无辜被害的动物流泪。有一次，我在电视上看到公安局抓获一批走私动物皮的犯罪分子，既高兴，又伤心，伤心的是有那么多的动物被他们残忍的杀害了，高兴的是公安局的叔叔终于把那一伙惨无人道的走私分之抓获了，侥幸生存的一批动物可以得到保护了。
这就是我，一个喜欢动物，爱护动物的小女孩。
ted中文演讲稿 篇五
尊敬的各位评委、领导、老师，亲爱的同学：大家下午好！
今天学校举行这一次演讲比赛，我有幸被同学们推上来演讲，是我的极大的。荣幸，感谢大家的支持，我相信我一定能做好的。今天我演讲题目是《低碳环保，大家一起来》。
随着社会日益快速发展，我们的环境均受到不同程度的损害，我想大家一定都知道现在的环境被糟蹋成什么样了，新闻报道常出现哪里的环境又被破坏、又被污染，这些都是因为我们这些人类没有做到低碳环保的原因。我们生活水平逐渐提高，导致了很多问题的出现，比如白色污染、空气污染、水污染，这些都是环境污染，也都是我们自己造成的。
生活越过越好，致使我们要求也都提高了，以前对于大自然那么珍惜，现在却一直在向大自然索取，严重的损害了大自然的平衡，所以环境的问题越来越严重，形势越来越严峻，这些都是我们现在就要思考的问题，我们不能不管不顾的。在此我作为一个小学生，更是要注意这问题，因为环境是我们生存的根本，没有这个环境孕育我们，就不会有现在的我们美好的生活，一切都是这个环境赋予我们的财富。我们就更不能忘恩给地球母亲这样的回报。
为了保护我们生存的环境，我们要低碳环保，要解决这些污染，因为都是我们自己造成的。自然苦果由我们自己承受，同时也面临着去解决它。生活中对于白色污染的问题的解决，就是我们不用塑料袋去装东西，尽量用布袋这些能够重复使用的袋子，不用一次性的袋子，塑料袋都不容易分解，很容易造成环境的一个污染。空气之所以被污染，是因为我们之前发电用的是煤炭，煤炭在燃烧的过程会产生大量的一氧化碳和二氧化碳，以及小汽车产生的尾气也是对空气的污染，那我们就用风发电也、用水发电，这些都是环保的方法，尽量少开私家车，使用自行车和坐公交车，这些方式也是对空气环境的一种保护。水污染就是我们尽量要不要排放污水到江河里，做到一水多用。
我相信只要我们大家一起去做，在未来一定可以解决这些问题的，首先就是低碳环保从我们自己做起，团结起来才行，所以我们今后要保持低碳生活、环保生活。
谢谢大家！
经典ted英语演讲稿 篇六
i'd like to share with you a discovery that i made a few months ago while writing an article for italian wired. i always keep my thesaurus handy whenever i'm writing anything, but i'd already finished editing the piece, and i realized that i had never once in my life looked up the word "disabled" to see what i'd find.
let me read you the entry. "disabled, adjective: crippled, helpless, useless, wrecked, stalled, maimed, wounded, mangled, lame, mutilated, run-down, worn-out, weakened, impotent, castrated, paralyzed, handicapped, senile, decrepit, laid-up, done-up, done-for, done-in cracked-up, counted-out; see also hurt, useless and weak. antonyms, healthy, strong, capable." i was reading this list out loud to a friend and at first was laughing, it was so ludicrous, but i'd just gotten past "mangled," and my voice broke, and i had to stop and collect myself from the emotional shock and impact that the assault from these words unleashed.
you know, of course, this is my raggedy old thesaurus so i'm thinking this must be an ancient print date, right? but, in fact, the print date was the early 1980s, when i would have been starting primary school and forming an understanding of myself outside the family unit and as related to the other kids and the world around me. and, needless to say, thank god i wasn't using a thesaurus back then. i mean, from this entry, it would seem that i was born into a world that perceived someone like me to have nothing positive whatsoever going for them, when in fact, today i'm celebrated for the opportunities and adventures my life has procured.
so, i immediately went to look up the 2009 online edition, expecting to find a revision worth noting. here's the updated version of this entry. unfortunately, it's not much better. i find the last two words under "near antonyms," particularly unsettling: "whole" and "wholesome."
so, it's not just about the words. it's what we believe about people when we name them with these words. it's about the values behind the words, and how we construct those values. our language affects our thinking and how we view the world and how we view other people. in fact, many ancient societies, including the greeks and the romans, believed that to utter a curse verbally was so powerful, because to say the thing out loud brought it into existence. so, what reality do we want to call into existence: a person who is limited, or a person who's empowered? by casually doing something as simple as naming a person, a child, we might be putting lids and casting shadows on their power. wouldn't we want to open doors for them instead?
one such person who opened doors for me was my childhood doctor at the a.i. dupont institute in wilmington, delaware. his name was dr. pizzutillo, an italian american, whose name, apparently, was too difficult for most americans to pronounce, so he went by dr. p. and dr. p always wore really colorful bow ties and had the very perfect disposition to work with children.
i loved almost everything about my time spent at this hospital, with the exception of my physical therapy sessions. i had to do what seemed like innumerable repetitions of exercises with these thick, elastic bands -- different colors, you know -- to help build up my leg muscles, and i hated these bands more than anything -- i hated them, had names for them. i hated them. and, you know, i was already bargaining, as a five year-old child, with dr. p to try to get out of doing these exercises, unsuccessfully, of course. and, one day, he came in to my session -- exhaustive and unforgiving, these sessions -- and he said to me, "wow. aimee, you are such a strong and powerful little girl, i think you're going to break one of those bands. when you do break it, i'm going to give you a hundred bucks."
now, of course, this was a simple ploy on dr. p's part to get me to do the exercises i didn't want to do before the prospect of being the richest five-year-old in the second floor ward, but what he effectively did for me was reshape an awful daily occurrence into a new and promising experience for me. and i have to wonder today to what extent his vision and his declaration of me as a strong and powerful little girl shaped my own view of myself as an inherently strong, powerful and athletic person well into the future.
this is an example of how adults in positions of power can ignite the power of a child. but, in the previous instances of those thesaurus entries, our language isn't allowing us to evolve into the reality that we would all want, the possibility of an individual to see themselves as capable. our language hasn't caught up with the changes in our society, many of which have been brought about by technology. certainly, from a medical standpoint, my legs, laser surgery for vision impairment, titanium knees and hip replacements for aging bodies that are allowing people to more fully engage with their abilities, and move beyond the limits that nature has imposed on them -- not to mention social networking platforms allow people to self-identify, to claim their own descriptions of themselves, so they can go align with global groups of their own choosing. so, perhaps technology is revealing more clearly to us now what has always been a truth: that everyone has something rare and powerful to offer our society, and that the human ability to adapt is our greatest asset.
经典ted英语演讲稿 篇七
what i'd like to do today is talk about one of my favorite subjects, and that is the neuroscience of sleep.
now, there is a sound -- (alarm clock) -- aah, it worked -- a sound that is desperately, desperately familiar to most of us, and of course it's the sound of the alarm clock. and what that truly ghastly, awful sound does is stop the single most important behavioral experience that we have, and that's sleep. if you're an average sort of person, 36 percent of your life will be spent asleep, which means that if you live to 90, then 32 years will have been spent entirely asleep.
now what that 32 years is telling us is that sleep at some level is important. and yet, for most of us, we don't give sleep a second thought. we throw it away. we really just don't think about sleep. and so what i'd like to do today is change your views, change your ideas and your thoughts about sleep. and the journey that i want to take you on, we need to start by going back in time.
"enjoy the honey-heavy dew of slumber." any ideas who said that? shakespeare's julius caesar. yes, let me give you a few more quotes. "o sleep, o gentle sleep, nature's soft nurse, how have i frighted thee?" shakespeare again, from -- i won't say it -- the scottish play. [correction: henry iv, part 2] (laughter) from the same time: "sleep is the golden chain that ties health and our bodies together." extremely prophetic, by thomas dekker, another elizabethan dramatist.
but if we jump forward 400 years, the tone about sleep changes somewhat. this is from thomas edison, from the beginning of the 20th century. "sleep is a criminal waste of time and a heritage from our cave days." bang. (laughter) and if we also jump into the 1980s, some of you may remember that margaret thatcher was reported to have said, "sleep is for wimps." and of course the infamous -- what was his name? -- the infamous gordon gekko from "wall street" said, "money never sleeps."
what do we do in the 20th century about sleep? well, of course, we use thomas edison's light bulb to invade the night, and we occupied the dark, and in the process of this occupation, we've treated sleep as an illness, almost. we've treated it as an enemy. at most now, i suppose, we tolerate the need for sleep, and at worst perhaps many of us think of sleep as an illness that needs some sort of a cure. and our ignorance about sleep is really quite profound.
why is it? why do we abandon sleep in our thoughts? well, it's because you don't do anything much while you're asleep, it seems. you don't eat. you don't drink. and you don't have sex. well, most of us anyway. and so therefore it's -- sorry. it's a complete waste of time, right? wrong. actually, sleep is an incredibly important part of our biology, and neuroscientists are beginning to explain why it's so very important. so let's move to the brain.
now, here we have a brain. this is donated by a social scientist, and they said they didn't know what it was, or indeed how to use it, so -- (laughter) sorry. so i borrowed it. i don't think they noticed. okay. (laughter)
the point i'm trying to make is that when you're asleep, this thing doesn't shut down. in fact, some areas of the brain are actually more active during the sleep state than during the wake state. the other thing that's really important about sleep is that it doesn't arise from a single structure within the brain, but is to some extent a network property, and if we flip the brain on its back -- i love this little bit of spinal cord here -- this bit here is the hypothalamus, and right under there is a whole raft of interesting structures, not least the biological clock. the biological clock tells us when it's good to be up, when it's good to be asleep, and what that structure does is interact with a whole raft of other areas within the hypothalamus, the lateral hypothalamus, the ventrolateral preoptic nuclei. all of those combine, and they send projections down to the brain stem here. the brain stem then projects forward and bathes the cortex, this wonderfully wrinkly bit over here, with neurotransmitters that keep us awake and essentially provide us with our consciousness. so sleep arises from a whole raft of different interactions within the brain, and essentially, sleep is turned on and off as a result of a range of
okay. so where have we got to? we've said that sleep is complicated and it takes 32 years of our life. but what i haven't explained is what sleep is about. so why do we sleep? and it won't surprise any of you that, of course, the scientists, we don't have a consensus. there are dozens of different ideas about why we sleep, and i'm going to outline three of those.
the first is sort of the restoration idea, and it's somewhat intuitive. essentially, all the stuff we've burned up during the day, we restore, we replace, we rebuild during the night. and indeed, as an explanation, it goes back to aristotle, so that's, what, 2,300 years ago. it's gone in and out of fashion. it's fashionable at the moment because what's been shown is that within the brain, a whole raft of genes have been shown to be turned on only during sleep, and those genes are associated with restoration and metabolic pathways. so there's good evidence for the whole restoration hypothesis.
what about energy conservation? again, perhaps intuitive. you essentially sleep to save calories. now, when you do the sums, though, it doesn't really pan out. if you compare an individual who has slept at night, or stayed awake and hasn't moved very much, the energy saving of sleeping is about 110 calories a night. now, that's the equivalent of a hot dog bun. now, i would say that a hot dog bun is kind of a meager return for such a complicated and demanding behavior as sleep. so i'm less convinced by the energy conservation idea.
but the third idea i'm quite attracted to, which is brain processing and memory consolidation. what we know is that, if after you've tried to learn a task, and you sleep-deprive individuals, the ability to learn that task is smashed. it's really hugely attenuated. so sleep and memory consolidation is also very important. however, it's not just the laying down of memory and recalling it. what's turned out to be really exciting is that our ability to come up with novel solutions to complex problems is hugely enhanced by a night of sleep. in fact, it's been estimated to give us a threefold advantage. sleeping at night enhances our creativity. and what seems to be going on is that, in the brain, those neural connections that are important, those synaptic connections that are important, are linked and strengthened, while those that are less important tend to fade away and be less important.
okay. so we've had three explanations for why we might sleep, and i think the important thing to realize is that the details will vary, and it's probable we sleep for multiple different reasons. but sleep is not an indulgence. it's not some sort of thing that we can take on board rather casually. i think that sleep was once likened to an upgrade from economy to business class, you know, the equiavlent of. it's not even an upgrade from economy to first class. the critical thing to realize is that if you don't sleep, you don't fly. essentially, you never get there, and what's extraordinary about much of our society these days is that we are desperately sleep-deprived.
so let's now look at sleep deprivation. huge sectors of society are sleep-deprived, and let's look at our sleep-o-meter. so in the 1950s, good data suggests that most of us were getting around about eight hours of sleep a night. nowadays, we sleep one and a half to two hours less every night, so we're in the six-and-a-half-hours-every-night league. for teenagers, it's worse, much worse. they need nine hours for full brain performance, and many of them, on a school night, are only getting five hours of sleep. it's simply not enough. if we think about other sectors of society, the aged, if you are aged, then your ability to sleep in a single block is somewhat disrupted, and many sleep, again, less than five hours a night. shift work. shift work is extraordinary, perhaps 20 percent of the working population, and the body clock does not shift to the demands of working at night. it's locked onto the same light-dark cycle as the rest of us. so when the poor old shift worker is going home to try and sleep during the day, desperately tired, the body clock is saying, "wake up. this is the time to be awake." so the quality of sleep that you get as a night shift worker is usually very poor, again in that sort of five-hour region. and then, of course, tens of millions of people suffer from jet lag. so who here has jet lag? well, my goodness gracious. well, thank you very much indeed for not falling asleep, because that's what your brain is craving.
one of the things that the brain does is indulge in micro-sleeps, this involuntary falling asleep, and you have essentially no control over it. now, micro-sleeps can be sort of somewhat embarrassing, but they can also be deadly. it's been estimated that 31 percent of drivers will fall asleep at the wheel at least once in their life, and in the u.s.， the statistics are pretty good: 100,000 accidents on the freeway have been associated with tiredness, loss of vigilance, and falling asleep. a hundred thousand a year. it's extraordinary. at another level of terror, we dip into the tragic accidents at chernobyl and indeed the space shuttle challenger, which was so tragically lost. and in the investigations that followed those disasters, poor judgment as a result of extended shift work and loss of vigilance and tiredness was attributed to a big chunk of those disasters.
so when you're tired, and you lack sleep, you have poor memory, you have poor creativity, you have increased impulsiveness, and you have overall poor judgment. but my friends, it's so much worse than that.
(laughter)
if you are a tired brain, the brain is craving things to wake it up. so drugs, stimulants. caffeine represents the stimulant of choice across much of the western world. much of the day is fueled by caffeine, and if you're a really naughty tired brain, nicotine. and of course, you're fueling the waking state with these stimulants, and then of course it gets to 11 o'clock at night, and the brain says to itself, "ah, well actually, i need to be asleep fairly shortly. what do we do about that when i'm feeling completely wired?" well, of course, you then resort to alcohol. now alcohol, short-term, you know, once or twice, to use to mildly sedate you, can be very useful. it can actually ease the sleep transition. but what you must be so aware of is that alcohol doesn't provide sleep, a biological mimic for sleep. it sedates you. so it actually harms some of the neural proccessing that's going on during memory consolidation and memory recall. so it's a short-term acute measure, but for goodness sake, don't become addicted to alcohol as a way of getting to sleep every night.
another connection between loss of sleep is weight gain. if you sleep around about five hours or less every night, then you have a 50 percent likelihood of being obese. what's the connection here? well, sleep loss seems to give rise to the release of the hormone ghrelin, the hunger hormone. ghrelin is released. it gets to the brain. the brain says, "i need carbohydrates," and what it does is seek out carbohydrates and particularly sugars. so there's a link between tiredness and the metabolic predisposition for weight gain.
stress. tired people are massively stressed. and one of the things of stress, of course, is loss of memory, which is what i sort of just then had a little lapse of. but stress is so much more. so if you're acutely stressed, not a great problem, but it's sustained stress associated with sleep loss that's the problem. so sustained stress leads to suppressed immunity, and so tired people tend to have higher rates of overall infection, and there's some very good studies showing that shift workers, for example, have higher rates of cancer. increased levels of stress throw glucose into the circulation. glucose becomes a dominant part of the vasculature and essentially you become glucose intolerant. therefore, diabetes 2. stress increases cardiovascular disease as a result of raising blood pressure. so there's a whole raft of things associated with sleep loss that are more than just a mildly impaired brain, which is where i think most people think that sleep loss resides.
so at this point in the talk, this is a nice time to think, well, do you think on the whole i'm getting enough sleep? so a quick show of hands. who feels that they're getting enough sleep here? oh. well, that's pretty impressive. good. we'll talk more about that later, about what are your tips.
so most of us, of course, ask the question, "well, how do i know whether i'm getting enough sleep?" well, it's not rocket science. if you need an alarm clock to get you out of bed in the morning, if you are taking a long time to get up, if you need lots of stimulants, if you're grumpy, if you're irritable, if you're told by your work colleagues that you're looking tired and irritable, chances are you are sleep-deprived. listen to them. listen to yourself.
what do you do? well -- and this is slightly offensive -- sleep for dummies: make your bedroom a haven for sleep. the first critical thing is make it as dark as you possibly can, and also make it slightly cool. very important. actually, reduce your amount of light exposure at least half an hour before you go to bed. light increases levels of alertness and will delay sleep. what's the last thing that most of us do before we go to bed? we stand in a massively lit bathroom looking into the mirror cleaning our teeth. it's the worst thing we can possibly do before we went to sleep. turn off those mobile phones. turn off those computers. turn off all of those things that are also going to excite the brain. try not to drink caffeine too late in the day, ideally not after lunch. now, we've set about reducing light exposure before you go to bed, but light exposure in the morning is very good at setting the biological clock to the light-dark cycle. so seek out morning light. basically, listen to yourself. wind down. do those sorts of things that you know are going to ease you off into the honey-heavy dew of slumber.
okay. that's some facts. what about some myths?
teenagers are lazy. no. poor things. they have a biological predisposition to go to bed late and get up late, so give them a break.
we need eight hours of sleep a night. that's an average. some people need more. some people need less. and what you need to do is listen to your body. do you need that much or do you need more? simple as that.
old people need less sleep. not true. the sleep demands of the aged do not go down. essentially, sleep fragments and becomes less robust, but sleep requirements do not go down.
and the fourth myth is, early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. well that's wrong at so many different levels. (laughter) there is no, no evidence that getting up early and going to bed early gives you more wealth at all. there's no difference in socioeconomic status. in my experience, the only difference between morning people and evening people is that those people that get up in the morning early are just horribly smug.
(laughter) (applause)
okay. so for the last part, the last few minutes, what i want to do is change gears and talk about some really new, breaking areas of neuroscience, which is the association between mental health, mental illness and sleep disruption. we've known for 130 years that in severe mental illness, there is always, always sleep disruption, but it's been largely ignored. in the 1970s, when people started to think about this again, they said, "yes, well, of course you have sleep disruption in schizophrenia because they're on anti-psychotics. it's the anti-psychotics causing the sleep problems," ignoring the fact that for a hundred years previously, sleep disruption had been reported before anti-psychotics.
so what's going on? lots of groups, several groups are studying conditions like depression, schizophrenia and bipolar, and what's going on in terms of sleep disruption. we have a big study which we published last year on schizophrenia, and the data were quite extraordinary. in those individuals with schizophrenia, much of the time, they were awake during the night phase and then they were asleep during the day. other groups showed no 24-hour patterns whatsoever. their sleep was absolutely smashed. and some had no ability to regulate their sleep by the light-dark cycle. they were getting up later and later and later and later each night. it was smashed.
so what's going on? and the really exciting news is that mental illness and sleep are not simply associated but they are physically linked within the brain. the neural networks that predispose you to normal sleep, give you normal sleep, and those that give you normal mental health are overlapping. and what's the evidence for that? well, genes that have been shown to be very important in the generation of normal sleep, when mutated, when changed, also predispose individuals to mental health problems. and last year, we published a study which showed that a gene that's been linked to schizophrenia, which, when mutated, also smashes the sleep. so we have evidence of a genuine mechanistic overlap between these two important systems.
other work flowed from these studies. the first was that sleep disruption actually precedes certain types of mental illness, and we've shown that in those young individuals who are at high risk of developing bipolar disorder, they already have a sleep abnormality prior to any clinical diagnosis of bipolar. the other bit of data was that sleep disruption may actually exacerbate, make worse the mental illness state. my colleague dan freeman has used a range of agents which have stabilized sleep and reduced levels of paranoia in those individuals by 50 percent.
so what have we got? we've got, in these connections, some really exciting things. in terms of the neuroscience, by understanding the neuroscience of these two systems, we're really beginning to understand how both sleep and mental illness are generated and regulated within the brain. the second area is that if we can use sleep and sleep disruption as an early warning signal, then we have the chance of going in. if we know that these individuals are vulnerable, early intervention then becomes possible. and the third, which i think is the most exciting, is that we can think of the sleep centers within the brain as a new therapeutic target. stabilize sleep in those individuals who are vulnerable, we can certainly make them healthier, but also alleviate some of the appalling symptoms of mental illness.
so let me just finish. what i started by saying is take sleep seriously. our attitudes toward sleep are so very different from a pre-industrial age, when we were almost wrapped in a duvet. we used to understand intuitively the importance of sleep. and this isn't some sort of crystal-waving nonsense. this is a pragmatic response to good health. if you have good sleep, it increases your concentration, attention, decision-making, creativity, social skills, health. if you get sleep, it reduces your mood changes, your stress, your levels of anger, your impulsivity, and your tendency to drink and take drugs. and we finished by saying that an understanding of the neuroscience of sleep is really informing the way we think about some of the causes of mental illness, and indeed is providing us new ways to treat these incredibly debilitating conditions.
jim butcher, the fantasy writer, said, "sleep is god. go worship." and i can only recommend that you do the same.
thank you for your attention.
(applause)
经典ted英语演讲稿 篇八
when dorothy was a little girl, she wasfascinated by her goldfish. her father explained to her that fish swim byquickly wagging their tails to propel themselves through the water. withouthesitation, little dorothy responded, "yes, daddy, and fish swim backwardsby wagging their heads."
当多萝西还是一个小女孩的时候，她被她的金鱼迷住了。她的父亲向她解释，鱼是通过快速摇尾推动自己在水中前进。毫无犹豫地，小多萝西回答道，“是的，爸爸，而且鱼会通过摇头来后退。”
in her mind, it was a fact as true as anyother. fish swim backwards by wagging their heads. she believed it.
在她的心里，这是一个确切的事实。鱼通过摇头来后退。她坚信如此。
our lives are full of fish swimmingbackwards. we make assumptions and faulty leaps of logic. we harbor bias. weknow that we are right, and they are wrong. we fear the worst. we strive forunattainable perfection. we tell ourselves what we can and cannot do. in ourminds, fish swim by in reverse frantically wagging their heads and we don'teven notice them.
我们的生活中充满着倒游的鱼。我们制造假设和错误跳跃的逻辑。我们心怀偏见。我们知道我们是对的，而他们是错的。我们害怕最糟糕的。我们力求无法获得的完美。我们告诉自己什么是我们能做的和不能做的。在我们心里，鱼是通过往相反方向疯狂摇头来游泳的，而我们甚至不曾察觉过它们。
i'm going to tell you five facts aboutmyself. one fact is not true. one: i graduated from harvard at 19 with anhonors degree in mathematics. two: i currently run a construction company inorlando. three: i starred on a television sitcom. four: i lost my sight to arare genetic eye disease. five: i served as a law clerk to two us supreme courtjustices. which fact is not true? actually, they're all true. yeah. they're alltrue.
我想告诉你们五件关于我的事实。其中有一件不是真的。第一：我19岁的时候以数学荣誉学士学位毕业于哈佛大学。第二：我现在在奥兰多经营着一家建筑公司。第三：我主演过一部电视情景剧。第四：我因为患上一种罕有的遗传性眼疾而失去了视力。第五：我曾经给两位美国最高法院的法官当过法律助手。哪一个不是真的呢？事实上，它们都是真的。是的，它们都是真的。
at this point, most people really only careabout the television show.
这时候，大部分人其实都只关心那部电视剧。
i know this from experience. ok, so theshow was nbc's "saved by the bell: the new class." and i playedweasel wyzell, who was the sort of dorky, nerdy character on the show, whichmade it a very major acting challenge for me as a 13-year-old boy.
这是经验告诉我的。好吧，那部电视剧是nbc的“savedbythebell:thenewclass."而我饰演了weaselwyzell，一个在剧中带点笨拙书呆子性格的角色，对于13岁的我来说，这是一个很重大的演出挑战。
now, did you struggle with number four, myblindness? why is that? we make assumptions about so-called disabilities. as ablind man, i confront others' incorrect assumptions about my abilities everyday. my point today is not about my blindness, however. it's about my blind taught me to live my life eyes wide open. it taught me to spotthose backwards-swimming fish that our minds create. going blind cast them intofocus.
现在，你是否纠结于第四个事实，我的失明？为什么会这样呢？我们对所谓的残疾做出一些假设。作为盲人，我每天都面对别人对我能力的错误假设。然而，我今天的重点不在于我的失明。而是在于我的视野。失明教会我用开阔的眼界去生活。它教会我去发现那些倒游的鱼，我们内心创造出来的鱼。失明使它们变成了焦点。
what does it feel like to see? it'simmediate and passive. you open your eyes and there's the world. seeing isbelieving. sight is truth. right? well, that's what i thought.
看得见是怎么样的一种感觉？是即时并且被动的。你睁开双眼，世界就在你眼前。看见什么相信什么。眼见为实。对吧？好吧，我当初是这么想的。
then, from age 12 to 25, my retinasprogressively deteriorated. my sight became an increasingly bizarre carnivalfunhouse hall of mirrors and illusions. the salesperson i was relieved to spotin a store was really a mannequin. reaching down to wash my hands, i suddenlysaw it was a urinal i was touching, not a sink, when my fingers felt its trueshape.
接着，从12岁到15岁，我的视网膜逐渐衰弱。我的视像变成了愈加奇异的嘉年华游乐场里的哈哈镜。我在商店里好不容易发现的销售员实际上是一个人体模型。俯下身去洗手，当我的手指感受到它的真实形状，我意识到我去触摸的是小便池，而不是洗手池。
a friend described the photograph in my hand, and only then i could seethe image depicted. objects appeared, morphed and disappeared in my reality. itwas difficult and exhausting to see. i pieced together fragmented, transitoryimages, consciously analyzed the clues, searched for some logic in my crumblingkaleidoscope, until i saw nothing at all.
一位朋友向我描述我手中的照片，只有在那时候我才能明白图像描画了些什么。物体在我的现实中出现、变形和消失。看见成为了一件困难的使我筋疲力尽的事情。我把支离破碎的、片刻的图像拼接起来，凭感觉分析线索，在我破碎的万花筒中寻找符合逻辑的对应，直到我什么都看不见。
i learned that what we see is not universaltruth. it is not objective reality. what we see is a unique, personal, virtualreality that is masterfully constructed by our brain.
我认识到我们所看到的并不即是普遍真理。并不是客观现实。我们所看到的是独一无二的虚拟现实，它是由我们的大脑巧妙地构造出来的。
let me explain with a bit of amateurneuroscience. your visual cortex takes up about 30 percent of your brain.that's compared to approximately eight percent for touch and two to threepercent for hearing. every second, your eyes can send your visual cortex as manyas two billion pieces of information. the rest of your body can send your brainonly an additional billion. so sight is one third of your brain by volume andcan claim about two thirds of your brain's processing resources. it's nosurprise then that the illusion of sight is so compelling. but make no mistakeabout it: sight is an illusion.
请让我以外行的身份解释一遍神经系统学。你的视觉皮层占据了你脑部的大概30%。相比于触觉的8%以及听觉的2-3%。每一秒钟，你的双眼能够向你的视觉皮层传达多达二十亿的信息片段。其余的身体部分加起来也仅能够传达另外的十亿。所以视觉占据了你脑部容量的三分之一并且占用了你脑部中三分之二的信息处理资源。因此意想得到的是视觉幻象是多么的令人信服。但是别误会了：我们所看到的只是一种幻象。
here's where it gets interesting. to createthe experience of sight, your brain references your conceptual understanding ofthe world, other knowledge, your memories, opinions, emotions, mentalattention. all of these things and far more are linked in your brain to yoursight. these linkages work both ways, and usually occur subconsciously. so for example, what you see impacts how you feel, and the way you feel can literally change what you see.
这是事情变得有趣的地方。为了制造视觉经验，你的大脑参考了你对这个世界的概念性理解，其它知识、你的记忆、看法、情绪和心理关注。所有的这些东西和以及其它的都连结于你的大脑和视觉景象之间。这些连结是双向作用的，并且常常在潜意识中发生。举例子来说，你所看到的会影响到你的感觉，而你的感觉又能够直接改变你所看到的。
numerous studies demonstrate this. if you are asked toestimate the walking speed of a man in a video, for example, your answer willbe different if you're told to think about cheetahs or turtles. a hill appearssteeper if you've just exercised, and a landmark appears farther away if you'rewearing a heavy backpack. we have arrived at a fundamental contradiction.
许多的研究证明了这一点。如果你被要求去估计视频中人物的行走速度，举例来说，在被告知去想着猎豹或者乌龟的情况下，你的答案将会不一样。如果你刚刚运动完，你会感觉山变陡峭了，如果你背着一个很重的背包，眼前的目的地看起来距离更远。我们在这里遇到了一种基本的矛盾。
what you see is a complex mental construction of your own making, but you experienceit passively as a direct representation of the world around you. you createyour own reality, and you believe it. i believed mine until it broke apart. thedeterioration of my eyes shattered the illusion.
你肉眼所看到的东西是你自己创造的一种复杂的心智建造，但是你被动地经历着它让它作为你周遭世界的一种直接呈现。你创造了属于你自己的现实并且深信着它。我深信于我的现实直到它瓦解了。我双眼的衰退粉碎了这种幻象。
you see, sight is just one way we shape ourreality. we create our own realities in many other ways. let's take fear asjust one example. your fears distort your reality. under the warped logic offear, anything is better than the uncertain. fear fills the void at all costs,passing off what you dread for what you know, offering up the worst in place ofthe ambiguous, substituting assumption for reason. psychologists have a greatterm for it: awfulizing.
你看，视觉只是我们认识世界的一种途径。我们可以通过许多其它的方式去创造属于我们自己的现实。让我们来举恐惧作为一个例子。你的恐惧扭曲了你的现实。在扭曲的恐惧逻辑影响下，任何事情都比未知要好。恐惧不惜一切代价填补空白，把你所惧怕的冒充成你所知道的，让最糟糕取代了不明确，使假设代替了原因。心理学家对此有一个很好的术语：往坏处想。
right? fear replaces the unknown with theawful. now, fear is self-realizing. when you face the greatest need to lookoutside yourself and think critically, fear beats a retreat deep inside yourmind, shrinking and distorting your view, drowning your capacity for criticalthought with a flood of disruptive emotions. when you face a compellingopportunity to take action, fear lulls you into inaction, enticing you topassively watch its prophecies fulfill themselves.
对吧？恐惧把未知的替换成了可怕的。现在，恐惧在自我实现着。当你非常迫切的需要去客观看待自己并进行批判性思考的时候，恐惧在你的内心深处打起了退堂鼓，收缩并扭曲你的观点，以洪水般涌现的破坏性情绪淹没你批判思考的能力。当你面对一个极具吸引力的机会去采取行动时，恐惧误导你去无所作为，诱使你被动地看着它的预言一个个实现成真。
when i was diagnosed with my blindingdisease, i knew blindness would ruin my life. blindness was a death sentencefor my independence. it was the end of achievement for me. blindness meant iwould live an unremarkable life, small and sad, and likely alone. i knew it.this was a fiction born of my fears, but i believed it. it was a lie, but itwas my reality, just like those backwards-swimming fish in little dorothy'smind. if i had not confronted the reality of my fear, i would have lived it. iam certain of that.
当我被诊出患有致盲眼疾时，我料到失明将会毁了我的生活。失明对我的独立能力判了死刑。它是我一生成就的终点。失明意味着我将度过平凡的一生，渺小且凄惨，极有可能孤独终老。我就知道会这样。这是我因为恐惧带来的胡编乱造，但我相信了。它是一个谎言，但它曾是我的现实。就像小多萝西内心那些倒游的鱼一样。如若我不曾面对过我内心恐惧创造出来的现实，我会就那样活着。我很确定。
so how do you live your life eyes wideopen? it is a learned discipline. it can be taught. it can be practiced. i willsummarize very briefly.
所以你们如何去以开阔的眼界生活呢？这是一个需要学习的学科。它能被传授。它能被练习。我简单地总结一下。
hold yourself accountable for every moment,every thought, every detail. see beyond your fears. recognize your assumptions.harness your internal strength. silence your internal critic. correct yourmisconceptions about luck and about success. accept your strengths and yourweaknesses, and understand the difference. open your hearts to your bountifulblessings.
让自己学会负责，对每一时刻，每个想法，每个细节。超越你内心的恐惧。识别出你所作的假设。展现你内在的能力。消除你内心的批判。修正你对于运气和成功的错误概念。接受自己的长处和短处，并清楚认识它们之间的区别。打开你的心扉去迎接对你满满的祝福。
your fears, your critics, your heroes, yourvillains -- they are your excuses, rationalizations, shortcuts, justifications,your surrender. they are fictions you perceive as reality. choose to seethrough them. choose to let them go. you are the creator of your reality. withthat empowerment comes complete responsibility.
你的恐惧，你的批判，你的英雄，你的敌人——他们都是你的借口、合理化作用、捷径、辩护、屈服。它们是你错认为现实的小说。尝试选择看穿它们。尝试让它们远离自己。你是自我现实的创造者。伴随这种权利而来的是你需要负起全部的责任。
i chose to step out of fear's tunnel intoterrain uncharted and undefined. i chose to build there a blessed life. farfrom alone, i share my beautiful life with dorothy, my beautiful wife, with ourtriplets, whom we call the tripskys, and with the latest addition to thefamily, sweet baby clementine.
我选择走出恐惧的隧道，步入了未知的领域。我选择在那里构建幸福的人生。远离孤单，我分享我的美好生活，与多萝西，我美丽的妻子，与我们的三胞胎，我们称之为“tripskys”，还有新添的家庭成员，可爱的宝贝克莱蒙蒂。
what do you fear? what lies do you tellyourself? how do you embellish your truth and write your own fictions? whatreality are you creating for yourself?
你在害怕什么？你在欺骗自己什么？你是如何修饰自己的真相，编写自己的小说？你在为自己创造着怎么样的现实？
in your career and personal life, in yourrelationships, and in your heart and soul, your backwards-swimming fish do yougreat harm. they exact a toll in missed opportunities and unrealized potential,and they engender insecurity and distrust where you seek fulfillment andconnection. i urge you to search them out.
在你的职业生涯和个人生活中，在你的人际关系中，在你的内心和灵魂中，倒游的鱼给你带来巨大的伤害。它们使你为错失的机会以及尚未实现的潜能付出代价。它们在你寻求满足与联系时引起你的不安以及不信任。我呼吁大家把它们找出来。
helen keller said that the only thing worsethan being blind is having sight but no vision. for me, going blind was aprofound blessing, because blindness gave me vision. i hope you can see what isee.
海伦·凯勒曾说过，唯一比失明更糟糕的是拥有视力，却没有远见。失明对我来说是一种深深的祝福，因为失明给予了我远见。我衷心希望你们也能看见我所看见的。
thank you.(applause)
谢谢。（掌声）
bruno giussani: isaac, before you leave thestage, just a question. this is an audience of entrepreneurs, of doers, ofinnovators. you are a ceo of a company down in florida, and many are probablywondering, how is it to be a blind ceo? what kind of specific challenges do youhave, and how do you overcome them?
布鲁诺·朱萨尼：艾萨克，在你离开之前，我想问一个问题。在座的各位都是创业者、实干家、创新者。你是佛罗里达一家公司的执行总裁，很多人大概都会好奇，身为一名失明的执行总裁究竟是怎么样的呢？这使你面临哪些具体的挑战，而你又是怎么克服它们的呢？
isaac lidsky: well, the biggest challengebecame a blessing. i don't get visual feedback from people.
艾萨克·利德斯基：好吧，最大的挑战成了一种祝福。我看不到别人的反应。
bg: what's that noise there? il: yeah. so,for example, in my leadership team meetings, i don't see facial expressions orgestures. i've learned to solicit a lot more verbal feedback. i basically forcepeople to tell me what they think. and in this respect, it's become, like isaid, a real blessing for me personally and for my company, because wecommunicate at a far deeper level, we avoid ambiguities, and most important, myteam knows that what they think truly matters.
布：有什么声音在哪里吗？艾：是的。比如说在我的领导团队的会议中，我无法看到别人的表情或者手势。我学会去征求更多的言语反馈。我基本都要求人们把他们的想法告诉我。正因如此，它成为了，如我所说，对我个人还有我公司的一种真正的祝福。因为我们获得了更深层次的沟通。我们避免了歧义，还有更重要的，我的团队清楚知道他们的想法是真的要紧的。
bg: isaac, thank you for coming to ted. il:thank you, bruno.
布：艾萨克，感谢你来到了ted。艾：谢谢你，布鲁诺。
经典ted英语演讲稿 篇九
01、 remember to say thank you
hi. i'm here to talk to you about the importance of praise, admiration and thank you, and having it be specific and genuine.
and the way i got interested in this was, i noticed in myself, when i was growing up, and until about a few years ago, that i would want to say thank you to someone, i would want to praise them, i would want to take in their praise of me and i'd just stop it. and i asked myself, why? i felt shy, i felt embarrassed. and then my question became, am i the only one who does this? so, i decided to investigate.
i'm fortunate enough to work in the rehab facility, so i get to see people who are facing life and death with addiction. and sometimes it comes down to something as simple as, their core wound is their father died without ever saying he's proud of them. but then, they hear from all the family and friends that the father told everybody else that he was proud of him, but he never told the son. it's because he didn't know that his son needed to hear it.
so my question is, why don't we ask for the things that we need? i know a gentleman, married for 25 years, who's longing to hear his wife say, "thank you for being the breadwinner, so i can stay home with the kids," but won't ask. i know a woman who's good at this. she, once a week, meets with her husband and says, "i'd really like you to thank me for all these things i did in the house and with the kids." and he goes, "oh, this is great, this is great." and praise really does have to be genuine, but she takes responsibility for that. and a friend of mine, april, who i've had since kindergarten, she thanks her children for doing their chores. and she said, "
but before i show you what’s inside,
i will tell you that’s going to do incredible things for you 。
it will bring all of your family together.
you will feel loved and appreciated like never before.
and reconnect to friends and acquaintances you haven’t heard from in years.
adoration and admiration will overwhelm you.
it will recalibrate what’s important in your life.
it will redefine your sense of spirituality and faith.
you’ll have a new understanding and trust in your body.
you’ll have unsurpassed vitality and energy.
you’ll expand your vocabulary, meet new people, and you’ll have a healthier lifestyle. and get this, you’ll have an eight-week vacation of doing absolutely nothing.
you’ll eat countless gourmet meals.
flowers will arrive by the truck load.
people will say to you: “you look great! have you had any work done?”
and you’ll have a life-time supply of good drugs.
you’ll be challenged, inspired, motivated and humbled.
your life will have new meaning: peace, health, serenity, happiness, nirvana.
the price?
fifty-five thousand dollars.
and that’s an incredible deal.
by now, i know you’re dying to know what it is and where you can get one.
does amazon carry it?
dose it have the apple logo on it?
is there a waiting list?
not likely.
this gift came to me about five months ago.
and looked more like this when it was all wrapped up.
not quite so pretty.
and this.
and then this.
it was a rare jam.
a brain tumor.
hemangioblastoma.
the gift that keeps on giving.
and while i’m ok now.
i wouldn’t wish this gift for you.
i’m not sure you’d want it.
but i would’t change my experience.
it profoundly altered my life in ways it didn’t expect.
in all the ways i just shared with you.
so the next time you are faced with something that’s unexpected, unwanted and uncertain. consider that it just may be a gift.
经典ted英语演讲稿 篇十
do you think it's possible to control someone's attention? even more than that, what about predicting human behavior? i think those are interesting ideas, if you could. i mean, for me, that would be the perfect superpower, actually kind of an evil way of approaching it. but for myself, in the past, i've spent the last 20 years studying human behavior from a rather unorthodox way: picking pockets. when we think of misdirection, we think of something as looking off to the side, when actually it's often the things that are right in front of us that are the hardest things to see, the things that you look at every day that you're blinded to.
for example, how many of you still have your cell phones on you right now? great. double-check. make sure you still have them on you. i was doing some shopping beforehand. now you've looked at them probably a few times today, but i'm going to ask you a question about them. without looking at your cell phone directly yet, can you remember the icon in the bottom right corner? bring them out, check, and see how accurate you were. how'd you do? show of hands. did we get it?
now that you're done looking at those, close them down, because every phone has something in common. no matter how you organize the icons, you still have a clock on the front. so, without looking at your phone, what time was it? you just looked at your clock, right? it's an interesting idea. now, i'll ask you to take that a step further with a game of trust. close your eyes. i realize i'm asking you to do that while you just heard there's a pickpocket in the room, but close your eyes.
now, you've been watching me for about 30 seconds. with your eyes closed, what am i wearing? make your best guess. what color is my shirt? what color is my tie? now open your eyes. by a show of hands, were you right?
it's interesting, isn't it? some of us are a little bit more perceptive than others. it seems that way. but i have a different theory about that, that model of attention. they have fancy models of attention, posner's trinity model of attention. for me, i like to think of it very simple, like a surveillance system. it's kind of like you have all these fancy sensors, and inside your brain is a little security guard. for me, i like to call him frank. so frank is sitting at a desk. he's got all sorts of cool information in front of him, high-tech equipment, he's got cameras, he's got a little phone that he can pick up, listen to the ears, all these senses, all these perceptions. but attention is what steers your perceptions, is what controls your reality. it's the gateway to the mind. if you don't attend to something, you can't be aware of it. but ironically, you can attend to something without being aware of it. that's why there's the cocktail effect: when you're in a party, you're having conversations with someone, and yet you can recognize your name and you didn't even realize you were listening to that.
now, for my job, i have to play with techniques to exploit this, to play with your attention as a limited resource. so if i could control how you spend your attention, if i could maybe steal your attention through a distraction. now, instead of doing it like misdirection and throwing it off to the side, instead, what i choose to focus on is frank, to be able to play with the frank inside your head, your little security guard, and get you, instead of focusing on your external senses, just to go internal for a second. so if i ask you to access a memory, like, what is that? what just happened? do you have a wallet? do you have an american express in your wallet? and when i do that, your frank turns around. he accesses the file. he has to rewind the tape. and what's interesting is, he can't rewind the tape at the same time that he's trying to process new data.
now, i mean, this sounds like a good theory, but i could talk for a long time and tell you lots of things, and they may be true, a portion of them, but i think it's better if i tried to show that to you here live. so if i come down, i'm going to do a little bit of shopping. just hold still where you are.
hello, how are you? it's lovely to see you. you did a wonderful job onstage. you have a lovely watch that doesn't come off very well. do you have your ring as well? good. just taking inventory. you're like a buffet. it's hard to tell where to start, there's so many great things.
hi, how are you? good to see you.
hi, sir, could you stand up for me, please? just right where you are. oh, you're married. you follow directions well. that's nice to meet you, sir. you don't have a whole lot inside your pockets. anything down by the pocket over here? hopefully so. have a seat. there you go. you're doing well.
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